Here is view's regarding to the Poem 'The Waste Land'.

Here is view's regarding to the Poem 'The Waste Land'.

1 . T.S. Eliot’s ‘The Waste Land’ is an important landmark in the history of English Poetry and one of the most talked about the Poem of the 20th Century.
Answer 1. Here in the First question Friedrich Nietzsche comes, with the concept of ‘The Ubermensch’. In Philosophy, the superior man, who justifies the existence of the human race, and also it means that as a goal for humanity to set for itself. ‘ Superman’ is the term significantly used by Friedrich Nietzsche. This superior man would not be a product of long evolution; rather, he would emerge when any man with superior potential completely masters himself and strikes off conventional Christian “herd morality” to create his own values, which are completely rooted in life on this earth.

‘The Waste Land’ Contemporary spirit in its totality. Its anxiety, its despair. In the Contemporary waste land there is sexual degeneration at all levels. there is some Forward movement also. In the beginning there is only barren desert and rock (red rock –as a symbol of Christianity), but the towards the end there is desire for water, there are clouds, and so expectation rain. The title ‘ A Game of Chess ’ suggest that sex has become a matter of intrigue, a matter of moves and counter moves . In the last section, Eliot points out the way for spiritual salvation through the following of the philosophy of the Buddha. Man must give himself over to the cause of religion.

Eliot seems to be regressive and backward looking as he presented the things , which was presented historical events, and myths, it led towards to find answer of contemporary malaise in Upanishad, Buddhism, and Christianity.

2. Freud and Eliot both are thinks differently. Freud believed in collective and individual balance , which should constantly take into account man’s primitive instincts.
Such perversion sex result in neurosis, frustration and disillusionment, despair and hopelessness of the modern man 

 

 

3. T.S. Eliot thinks that the salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition. T.S. Eliot had been reading Jessie Weston’s book ‘from Ritual to Romance’ , and James Frazer’s Famous Book ‘ The Golden Bough’. The Poet himself has acknowledged that he was deeply influenced by these work or anthropology. And the ancient and the primitive myth and legends which from the mythical background to the poem are derived from these book. Indian religious book’ Upanishad’ pointed out ways to salvation.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Teaching of English :A plea for Practical Attitude by R.k.singh

             Teaching of English :A plea for Practical Attitude by R.k.singh

    English in India is a potential national resource. It is important to develop tolerance and positive attitudes towards English. Teaching by making is more need based, flexible and innovative.
English is adopted and established as a link language by our national leaders during and after freedom struggle not for mutual communication and coexistence, but also for saving small state nationalism.

         English is not necessarily for reasons of quality but for political and historical reasons. England and USA have been dominating power for past three centuries English has become a dominating language, the language of power, utility and international communication today.

          English exists for many utilitarian reasons in many non native forms, and in India, with the Associate Official Language’ status that constitutionally it enjoys, remember the fact that socially English continues to be a prestige language and widely preferred as medium for all transaction, it’s now an integral part of the country’s linguistic ecology and perceived as a language of power and administrative and sociocultural contexts, just as over 75% of secondary school students have been studying it.

          There is a need to change attitudes towards English. English is a neutral language or linguafranca for communication. So, learning another language makes one bigger gives one a wider vision. As a teacher of English he hopes from us, the fraternity will appreciate his plea for tolerance and mutual understanding in our pluralistic multilingual society.

The role of English in india

                 The Role of English in india

                     Among the non-native varieties, most of which grew and spread as a consequence of British colonial expansion, Indian English is most widely used. There are large numbers of people in India who learn and use English for a wide variety of purposes. Its importance is on the increase in every walk of life, in our native language i.e. Hindi speaking states. No India is acceptable to all the states. English, through a foreign language is the only language, which understood, Learnt, taught and used by people in all parts of India.

   On other hand, English in India is learnt and used as second language. We call it a second language and not a foreign language because it has become a part of our national and socio-cultural reality. English is as much a part of Indian Linguistic scene as any other Indian language. In other words, English is medium of instruction and if we consider our educational set up our

  administration, our trade and commerce, our judicial set up and even our personal communicative need for English can be discerned in every sphere. There is constant social pressure to learn and use English at different stages. We learn not only English but we also learn many subjects through English.

  Student also need English both for pursuing their studies and communicate in real life situation after they leave university. English needed to perform a large number of communicative acts i.e. comprehend and interpret professional material in English, read general books and magazines for information or pleasure, persuade people to do certain other activities. Our approach to language teaching should then be such that students are enabled to use English for the purposes they would need to use it.

   English has respectable place in the society. A person is not a considered educated if he does have the fair knowledge of English. It has an established sociolinguistic fact that no one learns a second language unless there is need for it. English is perhaps best when it is the medium of instruction. 

  This explains why more and more people want English medium schooling for their children. English medium schools have become synonymous with good teaching, better discipline, accountability, etc. 

  So the mushrooming of English medium schools is as much an indicator of the common man’s desire for good teaching of English as ; of quality education generally, there is a social demand for English. Keeping in view this demand for English, the language holds a prime pontoon in the present day Indian socio-cultural setting and we can neglect its study only at the risk of loss to ourselves.

   Pandit Nehru once said that English acted as the major window for the India’s to the outside world and its closure would spell peril for our future. The advancement in science, technology space satellite communication satellite, computer science, medical science engineering and their researcher s are brought to light through English.

  Now English has become associated with better education, better job opportunities, high social status, better inter regional mobility and communication. It has a vial role to play in forging national integration. We can say English is passport to good employment. English person knowing person is in good demand. In an age of globalization, liberalization and privatization the role of English in our country is ever on the increase.

Socio cultural dimension of English as a second language by Rekha Asalm

Socio cultural dimension of English as a second language by Rekha Asalm

   We use English but our requirements are behind English. English people and it is just created by English people. They are the first who used English as a language. English is not become our need but it is just medium and it is not our goal. For us English is not very important because without speaking English we can communicate with other peoples in India so it is not our need but for English people it is their need because without speaking English they can not speak or display their ideas and they can not communicate with other peoples in their country. There are so many factors which are related to English and social and cultural dimensions are among them.

    Nowadays we need English because our higher education is not in our mother tongue (Gujarati) but it is in English. English becomes a compulsory subject. All the higher education is in English so we need to learn English and it is become our need. We have not genuine interest in English. English is not boring but our teacher makes it boring so we have not interest in learning English as a subject because teacher have not any special method for teaching English as a language. If English is taught in a particular way or in a effective method, we can learn it very easily. The rules and methods are not used in classroom for teaching English as a subject so student cannot learn it easily or he can not use it in day to day life. These all things are flexible and the main reason of behind them is socio cultural dimensions of English.

    Indian people have neglected the Gujarati language and we want to learn English as a second language. All languages have something in common. People do not have thoughts to express. Thinking is closely connected with language learning. We do not love English that is why we can not learn English language. We have to put interest in learning any language. We have to love of our target language language; we can not learn it very easily or in a proper way. We have not used the language in analyzing a poem. We should learn language. In language teaching students should use their language and thinking combing efforts with thinking. Language in action means a language in use.

   Language grows never be a static. It changes in different contexts and interaction. Every person socially is a bundle of personae, a bundle of parts and each part having its line means language. English can not be a medium of instruction but as a second language not a subject. Slang or taboo wards are rely on outside and we use it in our education. Second language can never take place of our mother tongue. Learning culture of Gujarati is not possible in second language. Reflection of culture is in our mother tongue, Gujarati.

Satan and saraswati : the double face of English in india

Satan and saraswati : the double face of English in india 

 

   in this essay E.Annamalai talked about both language in which declare both in different context ,after freedom in india in 1947 the British symbols were replaced but the institutions and instrument were rained .this is true of the english language which had symbolic as well as institutional and 

  instrumentalfunction as the new national flag symbolise new value ,power ,pride and english was the official languageThere were aspirations and pressures to make Hindi or Hinduism as the national language of the new nation 

    but ultimately recognising the multinational character of the country,the indian constitution did not speak of the national language of the Union .There was no difference of opinion in the constituent during the prescribed period 15 years for the complete change of the official language of the union there was growing political opposition in some states to the progressive use in hindi for official purposes (Kumaramangalam 1965) two years before deadline the parliament passed the bill for official language of the state which bill making english

     the increased preference and use english inthe country can be seen from the following facts .those following facts .those who take indian language medium for their higher education are a small minority and are poor students scholostically and economically In short this language can accept as both way for communication level and official level.

Teaching English as 'Second language'in india

Teaching English as 'Second language'in india by Kapil kapoor( JNU,Delhi)

     Concept of english as second languge is not purely pedagogy construct and has to be properly understood in the larger historical social and education context

it is shown to be a part of that mythology of english that has been assiduosusly cultivated by the interested elite to such deleterious effect position relative to the english a pre eminant language socio political language ,particularly 

 

   also been discourage the study and learning of classical languages particularly sanskrit which has contributed to the rootlessness of the young indian minds.

English as second language along with other indian languages and it is poor standarad

of english inspite of the tremendous the role of english as a foreign language and by choosing the rigt language teaching theories and practices.no matter of methodology

English is the language of knowledge ,language of modern thinking ,reason ,english is the link language .

   As we said the metaphor of 'window' is central inthis structure in which indian language are the 'walls ' that enclose that lead light of moderanization

According to education commission 1964-'66 this tosay about to teaching of english ;because of years to come english will continue to be necessary in higher education as a library language have recommended in english must be laid at the schoolstage

In this way second language which introduced compulsorily either atend of primary stage or in the beginning of the lower secondary stage after the attainment of suffiecient proficiency in the first language by the learner .

   This is methodological approach applying in context of teaching english as second language and primart to upper stage it following by learners.

Teaching Of EST In Indian Condition by R.S.SHARMA

Teaching Of EST In Indian Condition by R.S.SHARMA

      In this essay R.S.Sharma talks about teaching of EST for science and Technology in india suffers from some seriuos drawback .the courses and method are unrelated to the specific academic and professional needs of the students ;the materials are not based on careful description of the scientific sub register and teaching staff are ill equipped and even resistant to the new tasks .yet this is an area which deserves top priority at the hands of the government and planners of technical education because teaching of EST has a

direct bearing on india's modernisation and progress

There are three aspects of EST :

1. Need Analysis
2. Structure Analysis
3. Expertise and Training

      In this way the learner's profile would suggest that the students,who has been admitted to the first year B.Sc or B.Sc course through an admission test possesses intelligence and attainment above the average he has successfully completed

some course in general English and has communicative competence in English his English however requires remedial work and further improvement

English as a subject compulsory in many institutions is taught in the first year it is taught at a first stage when many learner is familiar with applied sciences and has a little knowledge of technology or engineering.

        Let me end by remarking that the teacher of EST who can plan his work properly and make the right kind of note and evaluate asking question this can be basic idea to drow attention towards English .