The Scarlet Letter By Hawthrone

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthrone

The Novel The Scarlet Letter had been written by Nathaniel Hawthrone. In this Novel focus on dark side of an American Puritan society .

Novel presented some many facts and reality of a puritan society , morality v/s passion and individualism .self trust v/s accommodation to authority and conventional v/s unconventional gender roles.

Law of society and law of nature, belief in fate impossibility of earthly perfection discourse on sin.

Torment of society and tortured life of women.

Hester is a female protagonist of novel who committed adultery before marriage and then society given punishment because puritan society not allow that kind of relation before marriage between man and women so in this storey about a struggle of Hester By wearing the letter ‘A’ Hester loses her individuality and ironically adopts a new real one that stands against the apparent one just to sharpen the gap between what she really is and what she seem to be.

As a literary theory Hawthrone created some symbolical used of literary techniques such as Forest, Nature, Color ,Letter ‘A’

Story of a American woman who lives in forest because of punished by society with her daughter .here in this novel character of Hester is very bravely created by writer in her struggle against law of society and stereo typical society of American puritan age .Also the role of Custom House during Puritan age portrayed well by Nathaniel .

The Purloined Letter.

The Purloined Letter

The Purloined Letter is a short story written by American author Allan Poe .It is about third among his three detective stories .This story collection of three stories first appear in the literary annual the gift for 1845 was soon reprinted in numerous journals and newspapers.

The unnamed narrator is discussing Augustan Dupin when they are joined by the perfect purloined a man known as purloined .The perfect has a case he would like to discuss with Dupin.

A letter has been stolen from the bounder of an unnamed female by the unscrupulous minister D.

It is information Dunton was in the room saw the letter and switched it far a letter and switched it for a letter of no importance. he has been blackmailing by his victim the perfect makes two deductions with which Dupin does not disagree.

The purloined letter styled more like a play than a story its almost entirely dialogue .The main person doing the talking is Dupin .Actually the narrator is doing all the talking but he’s telling us what Dupin is saying.

And Dupin is like many Poe characters is fond complex sentence structure.like here Dupin is discussing scientific Principle of Inertia.which basically states that things like to be still. And big things.

Dupin says “person with big brain will have more trouble getting started on something than a person with small brain.”

Oliver Twist

Oliver Twist

Oliver Twist is novel written by famous Victorian novelist Charles Dickens who born in England .In this novel Dickens focus on dark side of Victorian era and evil of industrialization in England this novel presented the reality of that era and presented dark side of those who living life in Work house during industrial revolution in England .

Crime, corruption, immorality, social Issues, politics, starvation poverty, vanity, greediness’, murder ,and anti social activist etc.

The first few chapters of Oliver Twist are very strong protest against the Work House life that virtually dehumanized human beings.

It was under queen Elizabeth 1 that laws were made to provide relief those poor people who could not support them selves .the sick the lame ,and the blind were relieved and then apprenticed to trend .

The vagabonds were sent to the house of correction the theory behind this arrangement was to provide work to the able bodies poor and to offer relief to the disabled special buildings were set up to provide work to the poor people under supervision these buildings were known as Work House .

By an act passed in 1722 the poor could be capable to live and the work in these buildings order to be eligible and in other words either a poor man lived in the work House .

Dickens described the life of poor worker who work in factory as chimney swipper, and all who working together such as children young ,old ,girls ,etc. all are suffering from same problems of poverty and struggle for stable life .and become victim of industrial evils. for fulfil their basic needs they doing some criminal activities and misguided by an Anti social elements who leading them to leading in criminal world .

Oliver is a child protagonist of this novel .other characters Fagin, Nancy, Bill sikes. Are well portrayed by Dickens .so In short this Novel throwing some light in dark side of England .

Mourning Becomes Electra By Eugene O'Neill

Mourning Becomes Electra by Eugene o’Neill

Mourning Become Electra is a play cycle written by American playwright Eugene O’Neill .published in 1931 Character from Ancient Greek play such as Ezra Manon David Manon , Christine Lavinia Peter Adam Marie Hazel there are so many characters in this play .

Play divided into three parts :

The Home coming

The Haunted (1)

The Haunted (2)

Play dealing the theme of an Oedipus complex ,and Electra complex mainly, Fate Repetition , and Subsitituation, The Rival and The Law of the Father .use of Myth and Legends as Symbol in this play .

Also this play largely regarded as An American tragedy characters in tragedy are fated or destined .In Greek and Shakespearean tragedies fate plays very vital role .

The tension between Puritanism and Freedom ,Love, Death , and Life .the family Fate of the new England Mannon is ancestral not limited to one generation.

  The house of the Manon for them pride is the source of death and love is source of life .Existence for the Manon is life in death.

Love represented by Marie Brantome ,has been shut out Love rejected by pride and sin , and in death in self .

Eugene O’ Neill writing in mid the twentieth century when psychology has developed much, and has intellectual audience who doesn’t believe in supernatural and thing like fate and destiny. O’ Neill used remarakable used of some psychological complex such as an Oedipus and Electra Complex with marvellous artistic way.

Robert Frost's Poem Stopping By woods

Stopping by Woods On a Snowy Evening

Robert Frost was one of the leading poets of American Literature . Frost was an American poet who depicts about rural life in most of his poems . He received four times Pulitzer prize for poetry.

Critics say that Frost was a poet of plains , mountains and rivers, woods and gardens , fruits and flowers seeds and birds.

Cleanth Brooks point out :

“Frost best poetry exhibits the structure of symbolic poetry much more clearly than does of many a modern poet”.

This poem is One of the most quietly moving of Frost’s lyrics. The poem starts with the question like

“Whose woods these are i think i know”

 Here the speaker sounds confuse or rather he is not confident about the owner of the woods. The illusion of the poet we can see here because as we know that god is everywhere through poet believes that the owner of the wood can’t see him.

 Also the poem dealing with significance of duty. And it is more important in our life Nature is beautiful but we can’t be with nature because we are used to work and live materialistic life . and also applied meaning of the poem is about to Karma Yoga .

  Here woods are symbolized as nature and Owner of the Woods are symbolised as God .My Little Horse is used for The Soul and Horse is a kind of tool to rich your destination.

“But i have promises to keep”

“And miles to go before i sleep”

 These last two line suggest that death is the ultimate reality of the life but before that an individual has some duty to fulfil and words like “Miles to go” suggest the same thing that there are so many works and responsibility an individual has to complete before the end of this life .Here “Sleep” symbolizes death.

Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe

E.A. Poe is one of the most celebrated of all American authors heavily influenced by German Romantic ironis .Poe made his mark ii Gothic Fiction especially through the tales of the Macabre for which he is now so famous.

Background of Poe’s Short stories:

Most of the stories of E.A. Poe published between 1830 to 1840 he came to represent the height of 19^th century. Tales of Macabre. One of the American Romantics Poe showed an interest in the power of emotions and often sought to explore the psyches of those who are guilty. As we may find out in most of his stories or mentally damaged.

Insanity versus Restionality:

In many of Poe’s stories such as “The Tell Tale Heart”in which the narrator are mad men and murders who fail to disguise their lack of rationality with a discussion of their thought process.

Obsession :

Most of the narrator of Poe’s stories are nervous, oversensitive, in the case of the narrator of “The tell tale Heart”. The protagonist’s declaration of over sensitivity are merely a thin disguise for insanity while in the other stories obsession is driven by fear.

Themes :

Man’s relationship with death, double self, love and hate, curiosity,the power of human resolve.etc central themes in Poe’s short stories reflected.

Ozymandias by P.B.Shelly.

Ozymandies poem by P.B.Shelley

I met a traveller from an antique land

Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone

Stand in the desert… near them, on the sand,

Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,

And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,

Tell that its sculptor well those passions read

Which yet survive, stamp’d on these lifeless things,

The hand that mock’d them and the heart that fed.

And on the pedestal these words appear:

“My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:

Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!”

Nothing beside remains: round the decay

Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,

The lone and level sands stretch far away.

 “Ozymandias” is a masterful sonnet essentially it is devoted to single metaphor :the shattered ,ruined,statue in the desert wasteland ,with its arrogant ,passionate face and has been ironically disproved ;ozymandias’s work have crumbled and disappeared ,his civilization is gone ,all has been turned to dusty by the impersonal ,indiscriminate ,destructive power of history .

The ruined statue is now merely a monument to one man’s hubris,and powerful statement about insignificance of human beings to the passage of time .

Ozymandias is first and foremost metaphor for the nature of political power ,and in that sense the poem is Shelley’s most outstanding political sonnet, trading the specific rage of a poem like “England in 1819” for the crushing impersonal metaphor of the statue .

but Ozymandias symbolizes not only political power the statue can be a metaphor for the pride and hubris of all humanity. It is significant that all that remains of Ozymandias is a work of art and group of words ; as Shakespeare does in the sonnets,

It is shelley’s brilliant poetic rendering of the story ,and not the subject of the story it self which makes the poem so memorable .Framing the sonnet as a story told to the speaker by “Traveller from an antique land” Ozymandias’s position with regard to the reader rather than seeing the statue with our own eyes.